TEST & MEASUREMENT APPLICATION NOTES AND WHITE PAPERS

• Solving Tomorrow's Obsolescence Challenges Today

  This white paper discusses best practices in operations implementation, hardware acquisition, and software design to reduce the sustainment burden of handling obsolescence in test systems long before the equipment goes end of life.

• VSWR Conversion To Reflected Power

  VSWR measures how efficiently RF power is transmitted through a load, with high VSWR indicating poor efficiency. Explore VSWR's relation to return loss, reflection coefficient, and mismatch loss.

• Transmit And Receive Testing Of Digital Waveforms Using R&S®CMA180

  The compact R&S®CMA180 Radio Test Set allows straightforward tests on devices that use analog or digital modulation and demodulation formats. This application note focuses on the use of the digital radio capabilities for measurements on radio transceiving devices in terms of their functionality and parameter characterization. Also shown is how to use the instrument with the various software tools available from Rohde & Schwarz for creating and evaluating digitally modulated signals.

• Ensuring Test Site Compliance for Radiated Emissions With Normalized Site Attenuation

  This application note provides a synopsis of Normalized Site Attenuation (NSA) and Reference Site Method measurements which indicate a challenging but important aspect of radiated emissions measurements on an OATS, SAC, or FAR.  

• An Introduction To Direction Finding Methodologies

  All direction finding methodologies are meant to determine the physical or geographical location of a source of radio frequency energy. The choice of an appropriate direction finding methodology to use for a given application is largely a function of the target signal's characteristics, such as frequency and modulation, but is also influenced by the propagation environment as well as cost and complexity.  Recent advances in the development of hybrid direction finding methodologies attempt to overcome some of these restrictions and increase accuracy by using a combination of methodologies.