TEST & MEASUREMENT APPLICATION NOTES AND WHITE PAPERS

• An Introduction To Direction Finding Methodologies

  All direction finding methodologies are meant to determine the physical or geographical location of a source of radio frequency energy. The choice of an appropriate direction finding methodology to use for a given application is largely a function of the target signal's characteristics, such as frequency and modulation, but is also influenced by the propagation environment as well as cost and complexity.  Recent advances in the development of hybrid direction finding methodologies attempt to overcome some of these restrictions and increase accuracy by using a combination of methodologies.

• De-Embedding Test Fixtures For High-Speed Digital Applications

  Test fixtures are commonly used in high-speed digital measurement to connect devices to measurement equipment. Characterization and analysis in time and frequency domains help remove the influence of these fixtures.

• DPX® Acquisition Technology For Spectrum Analyzers Fundamentals

  Signal detection is the first step in characterizing, diagnosing, understanding, and resolving any problem that relates to time-variant signals. Engineers are requiring better tools to help find and interpret complex signal behaviors and interactions. The Tektronix Digital Phosphor technology, or DPX®, can be used in Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers (RSAs) to reveal signal details that are completely missed by conventional spectrum analyzers and vector signal analyzers. This white paper describes the methods behind the DPX Live RF spectrum display, swept DPX, Time-Domain DPX Displays, DPX Density™ measurements, DPX Density™ and Frequency Edge triggers.

• RF Test Setup For Measuring Power & Harmonics

  Power measurement is accomplished by using a high-power calibrated coupler or attenuator, which gets attached to the Amplifier RF output connector. Harmonics are recorded similarly by increasing the input drive from the signal source. 

• Battery Simulation With DC Power Supplies

  This application note guides users in creating custom battery models for R&S^® NGM200 and R&S^® NGU201 power supplies, enabling gradual battery discharge via QuickArb and data logging, with recorded data adaptable for battery simulation using a provided developer tool.