PIM (passive intermodulation) occurs at very high power levels and is common in duplex filters, cables, and connectors. This application note discusses fast and accurate ways to measure and detect passive intermodulation.
Many spectrum analyzers can detect phase noise levels automatically, making phase noise measurements a task without much thought. This paper discusses key aspects in determining phase noise measurements, and presents formulas and examples that may be used for simplifying measurements.
This application note provides information on the testing of a Buck-type DC/DC subsystem that uses switch mode power supply technology and the oscilloscopes used to conduct the test.
This application note describes how all required receiver (Rx) tests (TS36.141 Chapter 7) can be performed quickly and easily by using vector signal generators from Rohde & Schwarz.
At the beginning of 2015, around 1,200 satellites were fully operational in orbit around the planet, half of which were communication satellites. This number of satellites is expected to expand at a progressive rate within the next years. To have success in developing satellite projects, reliable testing needs to be done at each stage. This application note focuses on RF component and module testing of satellite communication payloads using R&S instruments at pre-launch levels.
The R&S ESU from Rohde & Schwarz is a new family of CISPR16-1-1-compliant EMI test receivers that meet all civil and military standards for electromagnetic interference measurements. New FFT-based test methods speed up the measurement. With the time-domain scan, users can perform overview measurements up to 100 faster than on previous EMI test receivers. The instrument also features comprehensive test functions such as a complete set of parallel detectors including the new CISPR-RMS detector, RF scan, IF analysis and numerous report functions. The R&S ESU is available in three models with the frequency ranges 20 Hz to 8 GHz, 26.5 GHz and 40 GHz.
The R&S®SMBV100A offers excellent RF performance along with very high output level and short setting times. At the same time, the R&S®SMBV100A can be equipped with an internal baseband generator to allow generation of a number of digital standards (e.g. WiMAX, HSPA+, LTE). The wide frequency range from 9 kHz to 6 GHz covers all of the important bands for digital modulation.
The RTE series of digital oscilloscopes can be used in embedded design development, for general debugging purposes, and for power electronics analysis. Several different models are available with variations in bandwidth and number of channels.
A blocking RF switch matrix can achieve high levels of isolation and lower levels of insertion loss because of their internal switches (which exhibit high isolation and low loss characteristics). They’re the simplest type of available RF switch matrix configurations.
