TEST & MEASUREMENT APPLICATION NOTES AND WHITE PAPERS

• Basic Bulk Current Injection Testing

  Bulk current injection (BCI) testing is a conducted susceptibility procedure that uses an injection current probe. This paper provides an example of BCI testing, covering all steps, including gathering the required equipment, pre-calibration procedures, injection testing procedures, and safety precautions.

• Characterization Of An Amplifier With The Combination Of Network And Spectrum Analysis

  The general characterization of complex DUTs such as amplifiers requires the measurement of several parameters. Thanks to its versatility, the R&S^® ZNL is an economic solution that can characterize a variety of DUTs both via network analysis and spectrum analysis.

• RF Amplifier Output Voltage, Current, Power, And Impedance Relationship

  How much output voltage, current, and power can you expect from your amplifier? In rare cases, this can be answered by applying Ohm’s law, assuming that the net power or power delivered to the load is the rated power output of the amplifier. In most cases, practical issues such as VSWR and forward power concerns must be considered before applying Ohm’s law. This application note addresses this issue and discusses an approach to be used that applies actual test data when calculating output parameters.

• Combining On-Wafer VNA And Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

  This app note describes how S-parameters and spectrum analysis can be monitored simultaneously from 70 kHz to 110 GHz using the VectorStar ME7838A, the Spectrum Master MS2760A, and the Anritsu MN25110A W1 coaxial precision directional coupler.

• AC-DC Converter Testing Fundamentals

  AC-DC conversion stage in front of any electronic equipment is needed. For this purpose, different solutions exist to convert the higher AC voltage to a lower and safe DC voltage.