This application note details how to generate phase coherent signals and explains the best methods for calibrating the relative phases and timing between the individual channels. Various measurements of phase stability over time for different RF frequencies are also presented.
This paper dicusses fundamentals of beamforming technology, including signals, antennas, and current transceiver architectures. The paper included calculation methods for radiation patterns and some simulations results, as well as showing some real-world measurement results for small linear arrays.
A set of multiple instruments is required to generate wideband digital modulated signals found in the V-band and above. This application note describes how to use R&S products for V-band signal generation and analysis up to 500 MHz modulation bandwidth, and how to expand modulation bandwidth up to 2 GHz.
Meeting the requirements for energy efficiency of RF frontends can become challenging at high operating frequencies and bandwidths, such as those proposed for 5G. A solution is a group of transmitter RFFE architectures whose signal output is constructed from two or more efficiently generated components is put in effect to enable distortion to be completely eliminated. This application note focuses on the capabilities of multi-channel signal synthesis setups within the R&S®SMW200A, in combination with the R&S®FSW analyzer to enable measurement and development of energy efficient frontends.
This white paper covers the fundamentals of designing an RF communication system, including coverage on the transmission medium, wave propagation, free space path loss, transmit and receive portion, link design and other key components. The article will also discuss the required test equipment and considerations during the design, development and verification processes.
EMC testing requires detailed and exacting methodologies to ensure accurately measured emissions. To grow revenue without adding expense of new test site installations, companies must streamline the EMC product test cycle to maximize the throughput of their existing compliance facilities.
Using harmonic injection on an ultra-wideband TWT is a relatively new concept that works to cancel the naturally-generated second (and/or third) harmonic within the TWT, and therefore recover the available beam power back into the low-end fundamental frequencies.
Meting 5G requirements may seem daunting, but simulation already can be used to develop understanding and explore innovative solutions. FEKO offers comprehensive solutions for device and base station antenna design, while WinProp will determine the requirements for successful network deployment.
Microwave radiometric sensors are devices used to detect electromagnetic energy. This white paper expresses the reasoning for certain radiometer calibrations and other modes of operation in regards to the sensor’s subsystems.
Capacitors often are used to create filters, generate DC protection, and build bypass networks. This article discusses how to improve RF performance by using fewer capacitors that block DC and pass AC current, and how to choose these capacitors based on real world performance.
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