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  • TrialKit PACS
    TrialKit Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)

    Whether you’re conducting an oncology trial, a neurology study, or imaging-based endpoint research, TrialKit’s flexible imaging capabilities can meet your needs.

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    Access Or Service Cleanroom Hatches

    Access or Service hatches range in size, shape and function. Some service hatches are fitted with an enclosure shell for housing devices, with these type of hatches the primary barrier is maintained, regardless if the hatch door is open or closed.

  • GettyImages-2036497686-lab-team-collaboration-laboratory-tablet-computer
    Comprehensive Services Ranging From Early Phase To Finished Products

    Eurofins PSS Insourcing Solutions® (PSS) is a global, award-winning managed service provider that places our people at your site dedicated to running and managing your manufacturing and laboratory services while eliminating headcount, co-employment and project-management worries.

  • Scientist-with-tablet-GettyImages-950594528
    Unlocking Pharmaceutical Success: From Idea To Reality

    In the pharmaceutical industry, every capsule and tablet begins with a concept. Transforming that idea into a tangible product requires an expert manufacturing partner. Natoli stands out as a leader in pharmaceutical equipment and services, providing a comprehensive journey from formulation to full-scale production.

  • Europe iStock-490822468
    European Regulatory Development

    Scientific knowledge to strategize viable and efficient drug and device development pathways to achieve successful outcomes.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.