RFICs

PRODUCTS

  • Charter Medical’s DEHP-free CryoProtect™ Bio-Containers are designed for intermediate, final fill, storage, and transport in bioprocessing applications using compatible freezing cassettes.

  • S APO Greenough Stereo Microscope

    Save up to 20% inspection and rework time*

    Continuously improving production, keeping defect rates low, and fulfilling customer requests in order to stay competitive can be very challenging. Leica has developed the S9 stereo microscope series to help you cope with these challenges. With this generation of Greenough stereo microscopes operators will be able to reveal details faster as they spend less time having to adjust the microscope.

    *compared to the standard industrial stereo microscope S6 from Leica

  • Experience unmatched performance and versatility in this compact, high-power amplifier designed for EMI/RFI, lab, and HIRF/Pulse applications.

  • Reduce manual validation efforts, cut costs by up to 30%, get new products out the door faster, and enable seamless regulatory inspections.

  • Review how a comprehensive cGMP manufacturing facility is poised to support the development and manufacture of your mammalian cell program.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.