RFICs

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  • Team of pharmacists in laboratory-GettyImages-1746648077
    Perceptive eClinical: Clinical Trial Solutions

    Effective RTSM, built on 30 years of experience

    Backed by the industry’s most experienced designers and RTSM specialists, you can rely on Perceptive eClinical to deliver optimized randomization and trial supply management (RTSM) strategies that keep trials on track, even when they don’t go according to plan – and they never go according to plan.

  • amp20179
    1.0 - 6.0 GHz, 400 Watt Solid State High Power Amplifier: AMP20179

    Designed for broadband EMI/RFI, lab, GTEM, and IEC testing applications, the AMP2030B-LC delivers high-performance RF amplification in a compact, rack-mounted form factor.

  • LSC-Cell-Line-Portfolio
    Optimize Your Cell Line Strategy For Better Viral Vector Production

    Optimize your cell line strategy for better viral vector production.

  • Switch 350
    Flexible Vision Inspection Equipment For Syringes And Vials

    With our Switch 350, you benefit from the advantages of two machine concepts: We have combined the modularity, handling options, and technologies of our well-proven standard platforms with the flexibility of our small batch inspection machine to run syringes and vials on one and the same machine – with nesting system for syringes and vials alike.

  • scientist laboratory microscope-GettyImages-1253518521
    Gibco Cell Culture For Bioprocessing

    Join forces with a trusted scalable bioprocessing partner

    Since 1962, we have been empowering progress in bioprocessing around the world. Our pioneering end-to-end products, process development and customization services can help maximize productivity while reducing costs and time to market. Whether you are developing a vaccine or need help scaling up, our dedicated team will keep you at the forefront of the evolving bioprocessing industry.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.