RFICs

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  • GettyImages-1300884716
    Highly Precise Large Optics

    Discover PG&O's expertise in precision polishing & coating for large format optics up to 30", delivering exceptional flatness & surface quality.

  • Trimble Connect: Common Data Environment

    Connect the right people to the right data at the right time with Trimble Connect, a cloud-based common data environment (CDE) and collaboration platform designed specifically for the construction industry.

  • Mettler-Toledo - CM Combo
    Combination Metal Detection And Weight Control System: CM Combination

    Integrated metal detection and checkweigher combine for a powerful critical control point in one space-saving device. Choose from a comprehensive set of metal detectors and dynamic in-line weighing solutions designed for your application.

  • Videodrop Feature
    Measure The Size And Concentration Of Nanoparticles In Real Time

    Ideal tool for characterizing nanoparticles

    The Corning Videodrop utilizes the principles of interferometry in conjunction with microscopy to sense, detect, characterize, and track single nanoparticles in real time. The operation of this bioproduction analytical device is seamless thanks to its intuitive software interface and efficient sample handling protocol.

  • SSV
    Pharmaceutical Checkweigher For Product Inspection

    The SSV-h Checkweigher is a great cost-effective solution for industrial, pharmaceutical, and packaged food products that need to meet stringent accuracy and reliability standards. It is equipped with a force balance load cell that produces faster response and readings with maximum accuracy of +/- 0.01 g. The Smart Measurement Function uses improved signal processing, filtering, and scale resolution to reduce rejections due to double product errors. The giveaway feature calculates product excess both as total weight and percentage, allowing you to adjust filling levels and reduce costs. The SSV-h series comes with an IP30 dustproof rating that makes it ideal for non-washdown applications. Its lightweight and rigid conveyor can be easily disassembled and wiped clean without any tools.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.