RFICs

PRODUCTS

  • waveguide_placeholder_image
    WR-15 High Directivity Waveguide Coupler, 20 dB, 50-75 GHz: C20-1500WG

    The C20-1500WG is a high-performance WR-15 waveguide directional coupler engineered for precision measurement and signal monitoring in millimeter-wave systems.

  • TITANITE
    TITANITE High Magnification Lens

    Introducing the TITANITE lens series, a groundbreaking innovation in light sheet microscopy designed for high magnification and an expansive field of view.

  • FMS Automation Module
    Pharmaceutical Automated Sample Handling System For Headspace Testing

    This collaborative automated sample handler eliminates manual sample handling enabling testing of large sample sets and collection of statistically significant data, while freeing analyst’s time. The FMS Automation Module has a sample capacity of hundreds of vials and can complete headspace testing with a throughput as high as 300 samples per hour.

  • GettyImages-2155531148 electronic data, ePRO, eCOA
    eCOA / ePRO

    Empower participants, clinicians, and observers. Enable convenient and accurate outcome reporting, enhancing data quality and study efficiency with electronic patient reported outcomes (ePRO) and electronic clinical outcome assessments (eCOA).

  • GettyImages-1418357339-hand-spreadsheet-computer-keyboard
    Electronic Data Capture (EDC) System: Leverage Flexibility And Speed

    Neither traditional nor hybrid clinical trials can operate on rigid EDC systems.

    They require flexible data collection systems that support protocol amendments without downtime and accept mobile data without hassle. As a cloud-native solution, TrialKit bends to accommodate mid-study changes. And as the first full-featured EDC platform available as a native mobile app, TrialKit flexes to meet the demands of traditional, hybrid/decentralized, and completely remote clinical trials.

    Give your team the freedom to build, deploy, and manage their studies, their way—weeks faster than with rigid EDCs and for a fraction of the cost of the major players.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.