RFICs

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  • GettyImages-1025834378-manufacturing-excipient-drug-pharma
    Integrated DMPK Services For Lead Optimization, IND Filing

    Take advantage of our end-to-end DMPK expertise for optimizing compounds from discovery through IND filing for small and large molecules

  • PRI
    PRI-SC® Technology

    Sulfide odor control within sanitary sewers has been practiced for over 50 years, yet only recently have substantive advances been made. Where once the choice of chemical treatment was either chlorine or iron salts, safer and more environmentally benign technologies based on nitrates, hydrogen peroxide, and/or magnesium hydroxide have gained acceptance. These new alternatives, however, can increase treatment costs substantially and present limitations in themselves. Therefore, it makes sense to explore new avenues for lessening the adverse impacts of the older, cheaper mainstays, particularly iron salts (ferrous/ferric chloride or sulfate) that provide other benefits to wastewater treatment operations.

  • Polyzen medical bags
    Medical Bags, Bladders, And Membranes

    Polyzen is a single-source provider of polymer bags, bladders, and membranes for diverse applications in the medical industry. Our in-house polymer development, film extrusion, thermoforming, and welding capabilities allow us to manage any project from concept to prototype, production, validation, and beyond. Our goal is to be the trusted one-stop source for premium quality medical bags, bladders, and membranes, delivering unmatched reliability and outstanding customer service.

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    Trimble Cityworks

    Deliver cost-effective, reliable public infrastructure—from permitting and construction to operation, maintenance and replacement. From the office to the field, Trimble Cityworks helps you improve service to your community while increasing safety, efficiency and performance.

  • amp50006
    9.1 - 9.9 GHz, 1000 W Solid State High Power Amplifier: AMP50006

    The AMP50006 is a high-performance solid state pulse amplifier engineered for demanding X-Band applications requiring high output power, ruggedness, and reliability.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.