RFICs

PRODUCTS

  • flow pacing
    OaSys iCT™: Next-Level Dosage Control For Chemical Disinfection

    When chemical disinfection is used, inherent variability in plant processes (e.g. flow events, plant upsets) can result in inadequate public health protection and risk of permit violation. To avoid these disruptions, WRRFs regularly overdose disinfectant, resulting in excessive cost for disinfectant and quenching chemicals and increasing sensitivity to chemical market conditions (supply disruptions, price increases).

  • Instrumentation Picture Revised DSCF5405 061124
    Instrumentation Amplifiers

    CPI EDB's high-power RF and microwave amplifiers are built for demanding applications like EMC HIRF testing, military testing, electronic warfare, and scientific research.

  • ATN06-0040BH
    6dB DC-40GHz MMIC Attenuator: ATN06-0040BH

    The ATN06-0040BH is a connectorized GaAs MMIC 6dB attenuator in a Bullet housing package.

  • MFBP-00096PSM
    Passive GaAs MMIC Bandpass Filter: MFBP Series

    The MFBP family of passive MMIC surface mount bandpass filters are an ideal solution for small form factor, high rejection filtering. 

  • two-business-people-GettyImages-1354841430
    Qualified Person For Pharmacovigilance (QPPV)

    Gain expert guidance and connect with a global network of qualified QPPVs and LPPVs, who will ensure compliance with pharmacovigilance regulations and tailor their approach to your product launch strategy.

WHITE PAPERS AND CASE STUDIES

NEWS

ABOUT

 

About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.