RFICs

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  • Flow Cytometry Solutions
    Flow Cytometry Solutions

    Flow cytometry is a powerful and versatile technique to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of cells or particles.

  • 101720030
    1.7 - 20 GHz, 30dB Directional Coupler: 101720030

    KRYTAR introduces the Model 101720030, an advanced directional coupler designed for systems applications requiring external leveling, precise monitoring, and swept transmission and reflection measurements.

  • ZipChip Feature image
    Protein Characterization And Metabolomic Analysis

    Rapid protein characterization and metabolomic analysis with microfluidic technology for highly efficient separations of complex samples. Simplify sample preparation, reduce analysis time, and achieve faster results with the ZipChip CE-MS device.

    ZipChip CE-MS device efficiently separates and seamlessly introduces samples into your mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization (ESI). Common challenging analyses are made easy, including protein separation for biopharmaceutical critical quality attributes (CQA), Charge Variant Analysis, and metabolite quantification from biological matrices. Experience a powerful alternative to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC MS).

  • PAX-mixers
    PAX Mixers

    The PAX Mixer design is based on rigorous scientific analysis of fluid mechanical principles to achieve rapid disinfectant blend time. The mixers are designed for energy efficiency and engineered for ease of installation.

  • capsulehero
    Pharmaceutical Checkweigher For A Variety Of Capsules

    Anritsu's Capsule Pharmaceutical Checkweigher is the best weighing solution for a variety of capsules, where slight variances in active pharmaceutical ingredients can have a large impact on efficacy. It's equipped with Anritsu's force balance load cell that provides weight accuracy of +/- 0.5 mg. Each capsule is individually weighed, monitored, and tracked. The handling system is designed to minimize static electricity and vibration generated from the drop of the capsule from the magazine to the weigh cell. The rejection mechanism includes three gates and a confirmation sensor to make sure that capsules with incorrect weight are removed from the production flow. Our capsule checkweighers are available in three models with 10, 20, or 30 lanes, and a maximum inspection capacity of 230,000 capsules/h.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.