RFICs

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  • waters_connect System Monitoring
    waters_connect System Monitoring

    Maximize lab productivity anytime, from anywhere

    Chromatography data system users often struggle to easily access a universal view of their lab for coordinating work and responding to system errors. Real-time access to laboratory information can improve system utilization and uptime, accelerating business decision-making.

  • GettyImages-1087219142 Scientist Using Digital Tablet Computer In Manufacturing Laboratory
    Analytical Method Development And Validation

    In pharmaceutical testing, the development and validation of analytical methods are absolute musts when it comes to reliable quality control. Natoli Scientific is at the forefront of offering comprehensive analytical method development and validation services designed to ensure the integrity of your company’s drug formulations. Our expert team develops robust methods tailored for each unique compound, with an approach that emphasizes precision, accuracy, sustainability, and compliance with regulatory standards such as the FDA and ICH guidelines. These methods are meticulously validated to confirm their reliability across a range of analytical parameters including specificity, sensitivity, linearity, and reproducibility.

    This validation process is critical for verifying that our methods produce consistent, trustworthy results throughout the product’s lifecycle, thus fostering confidence in the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products.

  • GettyImages-1194849760 speed, fast, tech
    Expediting NetSuite Implementation With Sikich SuiteExpress

    Sikich SuiteExpress expedites NetSuite implementation at a fraction of the typical cost companies see when deciding to switch ERPs, offering early-stage companies a much quicker way to implement NetSuite.

  • 6 - 18 GHz Driver Amplifier: QPA0023D
    6 - 18 GHz Driver Amplifier: QPA0023D

    QPA0023D is a high-power, low-IMD driver amplifier operating from 6 to 18 GHz. It offers excellent performance for EW and communication systems.

  • Times Microwave - XtendedFlex
    XtendedFlex Continuous/High Flex Coaxial Cable: XF-178

    XtendedFlex™ is a solution for applications requiring constant cable motion and flexibility. Its innovative design and unique material composition ensure consistent performance under millions of flexures.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.