RFICs

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  • Skyworks - Si83004BF
    Smart Switch: Si830x

    The Si830x provides four high-side or low-side switches with low RON. These switches are ideal for driving resistive and inductive loads like solenoids, relays, and lamps commonly found in industrial control systems like Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC).

  • GettyImages-1346675513 lab materials
    Analytical Testing Capabilities

    Committed to collaboration, Comprehensive Cell Solutions (CCS) combines the technology, expertise, and capacity you need to bring your novel cell therapies from discovery to commercialization.

  • digital-services-for-data-centers
    Powering The Future: Innovative Solutions For Data Centers

    Data center power and energy demands are growing rapidly worldwide - Endress+Hauser has the solutions to meet these needs.

  • GettyImages-645455610 liver
    Liver Disease CRO Services

    Biotechnology companies consider locations in the Asia-Pacific region, such as South Korea and China to access vast treatment-naïve patient populations and accelerate their clinical trials at lower costs.

  • Capmatic Inline Vial FIlling Line, Model Conquest FS8
    Used Capmatic Pharmaceutical Vial Filling: Conquest FS8

    Used Capmatic inline vial filling line, model Conquest FS8 consisting of: 36" Capmatic accumulation table, serial# TT01110917: Model Conquest FS8 Capmatic inline filler, (16) head walking beam filling station with (8) piston fill pumps, integrated chain conveyor and rotary stopper feed system with vibrating bowl feeder, Allen Bradly Panelview 1000 HMI, serial# CQ1110919, built 2002: Model R-R Pharma Capmatic crimp capper, type RoadRunner, (12) station with Capmatic cap elevator, Allen Bradley PLC controls and Panelveiw 900 HMI, serial# RR00030718, built 2003: Capmatic dual position tray loader, serial# TT02020846, built 2002.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.