RFICs

PRODUCTS

  • 6 - 18 GHz Driver Amplifier: QPA0023D
    6 - 18 GHz Driver Amplifier: QPA0023D

    QPA0023D is a high-power, low-IMD driver amplifier operating from 6 to 18 GHz. It offers excellent performance for EW and communication systems.

  • QX ONE system
    Automatic, Multiplexed Digital PCR With The QX ONE ddPCR System

    The QX ONE ddPCR System is designed to deliver a precise and multiplexed digital PCR system. This system seamlessly integrates a standard ddPCR workflow of droplet generation, thermal cycling, droplet reading, and analysis into a hands-free precision platform.

  • leica-microsystems-dm-2500-led-hero
    Ergonomic Systems For Routine and Research Applications

    Optical microscope Leica DM2500 LED

    Leica DM2500 LED optical microscopes are tools for demanding tasks in life science routine and research applications. With their transmitted light illumination, optical performance, and state-of-the-art accessories, they are especially well-suited for challenging life science research tasks that require differential interference contrast or high-performance fluorescence.

  • 1.0 - 18.0 GHz, 1 Watt Solid State Mid Power Amplifier: MPA1081
    1.0 - 18.0 GHz, 1 Watt Solid State Mid Power Amplifier: MPA1081

    The MPA1081 is a robust solid-state amplifier designed to meet the demanding requirements of applications requiring a wide operating frequency range and significant output power.

  • Let’s Get Checked – Mobile BSL-2+ Clinical Laboratory
    Mobile BSL-2+ Clinical Laboratory Facility and Equipment from Germfree

    In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical laboratories were faced with an urgent need to rapidly expand their testing capacity. Given the importance of disease surveillance in a public health crisis, Germfree's priority was to quickly create a series of rapidly deployable laboratory spaces that could be used for disease surveillance in emergencies, as temporary laboratory spaces, and as swing spaces.

WHITE PAPERS AND CASE STUDIES

NEWS

ABOUT

 

About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.