RFICs

PRODUCTS

  • amp40004
    8.0 12.0 GHz, 50 Watt Solid State High Power Amplifier: AMP40004

    This standard rack-mounted amplifier features a Class AB linear GaN hybrid design, delivering full X-Band instantaneous bandwidth from 8 to 12 GHz.

  • GettyImages-2213157127-drug-formulation-discovery-pipette-liquid-vial
    Leaders In Oral Formulation

    Mikart’s development services include a range of pre-formulation capabilities for both oral solid and non-sterile oral liquid dose drug products.

  • PBS Biotech - PBS-80
    Vertical-Wheel Bioreactor: PBS-80

    The PBS-80 Vertical Wheel bioreactor is the ultimate tool for large-scale manufacturing of therapeutic cells. With the currently largest available working volume of 80L, the PBS-80 can handle commercial manufacturing of cell therapy products.

  • GettyImages-1074166486-brain-scan-results-radiologist-doctor
    PACS: Imaging Platform for Researchers

    Access, interact with, and even adjudicate clinical trial imaging from the same platform where you manage all other study data.

  • Hull i-Dositecno
    Pharmaceutical Labeling Equipment For Injectable Products

    Ensuring you have equipment that accurately and rapidly assembles syringes and cartridges is crucial to the success of your pharmaceutical manufacturing workflow. The Hull i-Dositecno SY pharmaceutical labeling machine harnesses dual-function robotics for plunger insertion and labeling to ensure the safety and sterility of your product.

    • Versatile – ideal for syringes or cartridges in sterile, clean, ready-to-fill (SCF) tubs
    • Cleanroom ready
    • Fully compliant – 21 CFR Part 11 software and IQ/OQ validation packages available

WHITE PAPERS AND CASE STUDIES

NEWS

ABOUT

 

About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.