RFICs

PRODUCTS

  • stick packaging
    Stick Pack Packaging: Fast, Flexible, And Pharma-Compliant

    Convenience is a major priority in the pharmaceutical industry, because the easier and more convenient it is to take medication, the better. Stick pack packaging of pre-portioned products is the ideal primary packaging for this purpose. The LA600SP stick pack machine from Körber uses a side-loading process to package free-flowing powders, granules, pellets, and liquids for you. Up to 1,000 stick packs can be filled per minute.

  • Ultralite connector
    UltraLite RF Cable Connectors

    UltraLite RF Cable Connectors are designed to perform at high frequencies and harsh environments with lower weight compared to their steel and brass counterparts by leveraging aluminum construction.

  • Ribbon Blenders for bulk blending
    Ribbon Blenders For Bulk Blending Applications

    ROSS Ribbon Blenders efficiently mix powders, granules, and bulk solids across industries, offering customizable lab-to-production models for various bulk densities, including heavy-duty and sanitary applications.

  • PI - N-332
    Linear Stage With The Highest Force And Precision: N-332

    The N-332 linear stage, powered by PICMAWalk, the longest-lasting piezo-motorized drive principle on the market, delivers an impressive 75 N active force with a 3 nm minimum incremental motion.

  • DXR3 Pharmaceutical Raman Microscope
    Access Raman Data Faster Than Ever

    Access Raman data faster than ever with this easy-to-use point-and-shoot Raman Microscope.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.