RFICs

PRODUCTS

  • GettyImages-1025834378-manufacturing-excipient-drug-pharma
    Integrated DMPK Services For Lead Optimization, IND Filing

    Take advantage of our end-to-end DMPK expertise for optimizing compounds from discovery through IND filing for small and large molecules

  • S-Band GaN Solid State Power Amplifier (SSPA): VSS3607
    S-Band GaN Solid State 1.3 kW Power Amplifier Module: VSS3607

    CPI EDB presents the VSS3607 GaN solid state power amplifier (SSPAs) operating in the S-band (2.7 – 2.9 GHz). These high efficiency, high power, compact amplifiers are easy to maintain, and are designed for use in air surveillance radar applications.

  • HPLC Chromatography laboratory scientist GettyImages-1309780330
    Analytical & Quality Control

    Learn how robust in-house analytical services and protein characterization are crucial for successful development and manufacturing programs.

  • GettyImages-1480979249-consulting-office-computer-windows
    Manufacturing Execution System Consulting Services

    We support you in the process of optimally implementing complex Manufacturing Execution Systems. In addition to the creation of Master Batch Records (MBRs) and Electronic Batch Recording (EBR), including classic data acquisition and preparation, as well as all other processes that have immediate effects on the manufacturing process.

  • 50 - 6000 MHz, 25 dBm Solid State High Power Amplifier: LNA70001

    This wideband Class AB GaN power amplifier delivers robust RF performance across an expansive frequency range from 50 MHz to 6 GHz, supporting applications that span commercial wireless systems, broadband communications, lab environments, and defense technologies.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.