RFICs

PRODUCTS

  • Bayspec - T Series
    Optical Channel Performance Monitors (OCPM, OCM, OPM) – Thin

    BaySpec’s T-series thin optical channel performance monitor (OCPM) is an embedded, integrated spectral monitor delivering precise measurement and powerful processing capabilities to dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) applications in an ultra-thin package size.

  • leica-microsystems-dm-1000-hero
    High-Quality Ergonomic System Microscope For All Clinical Laboratory Applications

    Uniquely Ergonomic System Microscope Leica DM1000

    The ergonomically designed Leica DM1000 with adjustable features and easy-to-use controls adapts to every user to improve comfort and convenience while working at the microscope.

    Featuring high-quality optical performance, the Leica DM1000 is ideal for all clinical laboratory applications, in particular cytology, haematology, and pathology. For special diagnostics requirements, the microscope is certified for in-vitro-diagnostics (IVD) like in-vitro-fertilization (IVF).

    Its advanced capabilities, including fluorescence, make it well suited also for complex tasks.

  • Doctors talking-GettyImages-600403420
    FDA Regulatory Consulting

    Our goal is to help your business succeed by working with you to streamline the FDA regulatory process. ProPharma’s team of science- based regulatory consultants commands an unparalleled breadth and depth of knowledge pertaining to FDA’s regulatory framework and can work with you to accomplish your business objectives.

  • Natoli Tablet Presses- Feature
    Pharmaceutical Tablet Presses

    Natoli’s line of affordable tablet presses is designed, engineered, and manufactured in the U.S.A. and built on our decades of experience in the tableting industry. We know our customers want presses that efficiently meet their R&D and/or production needs.

    With Natoli you have a choice in your tablet press: R&D or production, single-station or rotary, fully automated or manual. Whatever your need, Natoli’s best-in-class tablet presses can help you optimize tablet quality while saving time and reducing costs.

  • AR - 30S1G6C
    Broadband Power Amplifier: 30S1G6C

    The Model 30S1G6C is a solid-state, Class A design, self-contained, aircooled, broadband power amplifier designed for applications where instantaneous bandwidth, high gain and linearity are required.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.