RFICs

PRODUCTS

  • Samtec - Nitrowave
    High-Performance RF Microwave Cable Assemblies: Nitrowave Series

    Nitrowave RF coaxial cables offer improved stability with flexure over time. The coaxial structure is designed to meet the demands of aerospace, defense, datacom, and many other growing markets.

  • HERMA - Robotic labeling cell 211R
    Robotic Pharmaceutical Labeling Cell System: HERMA 211R HC

    With the robot-assisted labeling cell 211R HC, HERMA shows how challenges in wrap-around labeling of label material can be solved more effectively. Discover the advantages of our HERMA 211R HC labeling solution.

  • e-Builder-Screenshot_Water-Online-450x300_42224
    Trimble e-Builder

    As the industry’s most advanced digital construction management system, Trimble e-Builder enables efficiencies across the entire design-build lifecycle, with a smooth transition to the operation phase. Reduce risk, enhance collaboration and improve outcomes using the industry-leading digital project delivery software for owners.

  • Prosys Aseptic Isolator
    Used Prosys Pharmaceutical Aseptic Isolator: Single Chamber Closed-Barrier System

    ProSys S06428 Containment and Sampling Technology is a single-chamber closed-barrier system providing protection from cross-contamination between a process and the surrounding laboratory. The Isolator is rated ISO5. (International Standards Organization) (for particle count) environment in operation. An integration with a bio-decontamination system allows parametric surface bio-decontamination and their ventilation systems, prior and after processes.

  • Purolite-3673 (2)
    Chromatography Masterclass

WHITE PAPERS AND CASE STUDIES

NEWS

ABOUT

 

About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.