RFICs

PRODUCTS

  • NB-ROC image
    NB-ROC™ T Cell SF Media

    Speed your time to the clinic and create a more potent CAR T-cell therapy with NB-ROC, a xeno-free, serum-free T-cell culture media that can significantly boost transduction efficiency.

  • teledyne
    HiRel Semiconductors Releases Wideband 50 GHz RF Switch

    Teledyne HiRel Semiconductors has announced the release of the TDSW050A2T, a high-performance, rad-tolerant RF switch designed for demanding aerospace and defense applications.

  • Antibody drug conjugates ADCs GettyImages-1715913285
    Antibody-Drug Conjugate

    EirGenix provides client-oriented contract development and manufacturing services for biologics, especially monoclonal antibodies and biosimilars. Combining the capabilities of EirGenix’s strategic partner, Formosa Laboratories, Inc, a high potency API manufacturer, we offer integrated services for Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADC) development and manufacturing.

  • MIR-554-gallery-ap3-920x920
    PHCbi's Microbiological Cooled Incubator: MIR-554-PA

    PHCbi brand’s 14.3 cu.ft. (406 L) microbiological heated and cooled incubator is designed to deliver precise, reproducible environments across a wide temperature range from -10°C to +60°C. Ideal for applications such as microbiology, food and cosmetic stability testing, plant cell culturing, and environmental studies, it supports programmable temperature and lighting protocols. The microprocessor PID controller helps ensures uniformity and stability, while the intuitive LCD interface allows for 12-step, 10-program memory with built-in alarms and backup. A forced air circulation system and energy-saving operation enhance performance and usability.

  • GettyImages-1339300422 CAR T-Cell Immunotherapy
    Immunotherapy Development

    Immunotherapy is an evolving and promising cancer treatment that works by stimulating the immune system. More biologically relevant human primary cells are now the chosen starting material for immunotherapy development. Historically, scientists routinely used immortalized cell lines in the research and development of therapies as they offer an inexpensive and stable platform. However, they are not fully representative of what is going on in vivo.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.