RFICs

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  • The leader in digitizing validation

    Setting the digital validation standard for 20 years, ValGenesis VLMS is used by 30 of the top 50 global life sciences companies.

    The gold standard of standardization

    Strengthen your compliance stance and lower the cost of quality with enforced standardization and absolute data integrity.

    Knowledge integrity to data integrity

    Gain total peace of mind with a single source of validation truth with documentation aligned to ALCOA+ standards.

    One platform, boundless scale

    Start small or start global. VLMS scales effortlessly to support new systems, new sites, new products, new languages, and new validation processes.

  • The AMP30007 is a rugged, high-performance solid state amplifier engineered for S-Band high power pulse applications.

  • Sterility testing isolators with product protection for the sterility test under aseptic and optionally aseptic/toxic conditions. A Rapid Decon Hatch (RDH) can be connected as an option.

  • NuGenesis LMS, the analytical electronic laboratory notebook capability of the NuGenesis Lab Management System (LMS), enables labs to document observations, control procedures, exchange information with other software solutions, and easily find and collaborate on scientific results. Additionally, it interacts with the NuGenesis SDMS (data archival) component, Waters Laboratory Acquisition Control Environment (LAC/E) devices, SAP, and Empower.

  • The AMP2085E-1LC is a compact, rack-mounted solid-state high-power amplifier tailored for diverse applications including EMI/RFI, lab work, and communications.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.