RFICs

PRODUCTS

  • PHCbi's Cell-IQ Multigas Incubator
    Multigas CO2/O2 Incubator

    PHCbi brand’s 5.7 cu.ft (161 L) Cell-IQ stackable multigas CO₂/O₂ incubator is designed to support a contamination-free environment using passive controls like the inCu-saFe® copper-enriched stainless steel interior and optional SafeCell™ UV. The solid zirconia O₂ sensor and dual IR CO₂ sensors helps ensure rapid and precise gas recovery after door openings.

  • Exodus - MPA2001
    1 - 40 GHz, 20 dBm+ Solid State Power Amplifier: MPA2001

    The MPA2001 Solid State Power Amplifier offers a compact benchtop, Class AB linear GaAsFET design that ensures wide bandwidth and compatibility with various modulation standards.

  • auto-backwash-filter
    AquaABF Automatic Backwash Filter

    The AquaABF is designed to filter water and backwash filter cells simultaneously during normal operation. By design, the filter bed is divided horizontally into 8 in. or 12 in. (20.3 or 30.5 cm) wide cells. Inlet water floods the sand bed through multiple inlet ports via gravity and flows through the granular media and porous plate. Filtrate passes through the effluent backwash port and into the effluent channel.

  • Natoli Tablet Presses- Feature
    Pharmaceutical Tablet Presses

    Natoli’s line of affordable tablet presses is designed, engineered, and manufactured in the U.S.A. and built on our decades of experience in the tableting industry. We know our customers want presses that efficiently meet their R&D and/or production needs.

    With Natoli you have a choice in your tablet press: R&D or production, single-station or rotary, fully automated or manual. Whatever your need, Natoli’s best-in-class tablet presses can help you optimize tablet quality while saving time and reducing costs.

  • SealTight_Blog-image
    Silica SealTight Sleeves And Kits Line

    SealTight system securely connects capillary tubing to 10-32 coned ports using FEP sleeves, PEEK nuts, and ETFE ferrules, sealing up to 5,000 psi.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.