RFICs

PRODUCTS

  • MIR-254-gallery-ap2-920x920
    PHCbi's Microbiological Cooled Incubator: MIR-254-PA

    PHCbi brand's 8.4 cu.ft. (238 L) compact microbiological heated and cooled incubator is designed to helps ensure highly accurate, reproducible environments that mimic real-world conditions. It offers precise control of temperature, a low humidity setting, and lighting protocols - making it ideal for microbiology testing and research, food and cosmetic shelf life testing, municipal wastewater testing, plant cell culturing, and more. It is completely programmable, allowing for direct numeric input with memory of operation, start dates and hours, clock mode and timer.

  • Marki - MM2-0530LCH-2
    Class K, 5-30 GHz Triple Balanced Mixer: MM2-0530LCH-2

    The MM2-0530L is a passive MMIC triple balanced mixer. It features a broadband IF port that spans from 2 to 20 GHz, and has excellent spurious suppression. 

  • SIWA Leak Finder 450x300
    SIWA Leak Finder

    Smart leak detection with SIWA Leak Finder makes the most of your existing investment in sensors and hydraulic models to take you to the next level of non-revenue water reduction in your drinking water transmission and distribution network. The cloud-based application analyzes your real-time flow data using cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and hydraulic modeling to identify leaks and anomalies. With SIWA Leak Finder you can detect leaks more quickly and accurately so your maintenance teams spend more time in the right location on points of interest that really matter.

  • Instrumentation Picture Revised DSCF5405 061124
    Instrumentation Amplifiers

    CPI EDB's high-power RF and microwave amplifiers are built for demanding applications like EMC HIRF testing, military testing, electronic warfare, and scientific research.

  • ODiate® Fluorescence Filter Sets
    ODiate® Fluorescence Filter Sets

    ODiate Fluorescence Filter Sets are designed to meet the demanding requirements of fluorescence and microscopy applications.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.