RFICs

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  • MBAL-0250CSP2
    2-50 GHz Passive MMIC Chip Scale Package 1:2 Balun: MBAL-0250CSP2

    The MBAL-0250CSP2 is a passive monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) 1:2 balun developed by Marki Microwave, designed to operate across an exceptionally wide frequency range of 2 to 50 GHz.

  • Medicine-pills-tablets-GettyImages-545993684
    USP<1062> Tablet Compression Characterization

    Natoli Scientific takes pride in its comprehensive USP<1062> Tablet Compression Characterization services, tailored to address the complexities of tableting in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Staying true to the parameters outlined in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Chapter 1062, our approach meticulously evaluates tablet compression behaviors. By thoroughly characterizing the compression profile, we can pinpoint the optimal compression force required to form a cohesive tablet without applying undue stress that could lead to capping — the separation of tablet tops during or after the compression phase.

  • Tablet Press NP255
    Pharmaceutical Rotary Tablet Press: NP-255

    Setting a New Benchmark for Ease of Operation

    The NP-255 is a robust tablet press that was built to meet even the most demanding needs of the mid-sized tableting industry. The press has features and options designed to increase production, improve tablet quality, reduce waste, and set a new benchmark for ease of operation. Designed, engineered, and manufactured in the USA, this unique machine has a maximum production speed of 192,000 tablets per hour.

    With a hardened steel die table, a gravity feeder that is interchangeable with a two-paddle forced feeder, and our industry-leading intuitive Natoli AIM™ ProPluscontrol system, the NP-255 is the new standard for value in the mid-sized tableting industry.

  • GettyImages-1097562996-pill-tablet-capsule-OSD-oral-solid
    Pharmaceutical Checkweighing Systems

    Pharmaceutical Checkweighing systems weigh and count products in motion, rejecting those that fail to meet exacting specifications.

  • Krytar - 10405006
    4-50 GHz Directional Couplers

    KRYTAR's 4-50 GHz directional couplers are crafted for system applications necessitating external leveling, precise monitoring, signal mixing, or swept transmission and reflection measurements.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.