RFICs

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  • AMM-10220PSM
    2 - 26 GHz GaAs Surface Mount LO Driver Amplifier: AMM-10220PSM

    The AMM-10220PSM is a versatile, high-performance surface-mount amplifier designed for use as either a single-tone driver or a general-purpose gain block across wideband applications.

  • IADA-2050CH
    Amplifier / Doubler / Amplifier: IADA-2050CH

    The IADA-2050CH is an integrated MMIC active doubler fabricated with GaAs Schottky diodes. This operates over a guaranteed 10 to 25 GHz input frequency range or a doubled output frequency range of 20 to 50 GHz.

  • GettyImages-1097562996-pill-tablet-capsule-OSD-oral-solid
    Pharmaceutical Checkweighing Systems

    Pharmaceutical Checkweighing systems weigh and count products in motion, rejecting those that fail to meet exacting specifications.

  • infoworks-ICM
    InfoWorks ICM

    InfoWorks ICM is an advanced, integrated catchment modeling software with cloud capabilities that model complex hydraulic and hydrologic network elements quickly and accurately in a collaborative environment.

  • Sentinel 4000 Drop Through System
    The Sentinel 4000 Drop Through System

    The Thermo Scientific Sentinel 4000 Drop Through System, or Sentinel 4000D, featuring multiscan technology with up to five user-selectable frequencies of detection, provides improved sensitivity and detection of contaminants in drop through applications including granular and powdered food products, cosmetics, and chemicals.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.