RFICs

PRODUCTS

  • GettyImages-2160908734_compliance support
    Medical Information

    25 years of Providing World-Class Medical Information Services.

  • GettyImages-1346675513 lab materials
    Analytical Testing Capabilities

    Committed to collaboration, Comprehensive Cell Solutions (CCS) combines the technology, expertise, and capacity you need to bring your novel cell therapies from discovery to commercialization.

  • Modular-Cleanrooms
    Modular Cleanrooms For Cell Therapy And Gene Therapy Drug Manufacturing

    Since 2000, the AES team has been working with companies in their development of autologous and allogeneic cell and tumor processing technologies. As this market segment has evolved (and continues to evolve), AES has continued to work with clients to develop modular cleanroom technology that drives efficient, safe, and compliant process operations.

  • Capsule Polisher
    Pharmaceutical Capsule Polisher

    When it comes to your capsules, cleanliness is key. That’s why this revolutionary polisher guarantees that all areas of the polisher are easy to clean. The one-piece cylindrical polishing chamber promotes powerful, cyclonic air flow ensuring continuous movement and ease of cleaning.

  • Pfeiffer Feature
    Pharmaceutical Leak Testing Services

    Pharmaceutical leak testing is a crucial process for ensuring the safety and sterility of medical and drug packaging, particularly in applications such as CCIT Test Method Validations, pilot production runs, and small-scale production runs. While pharmaceutical manufacturers may not have the resources to invest in leak testing equipment or trained personnel, inadequate testing can have serious consequences. In this article, we will discuss the leak testing services offered by Pfeiffer Vacuum and how they can help manufacturers meet regulatory requirements and ensure the safety of their products.

WHITE PAPERS AND CASE STUDIES

NEWS

ABOUT

 

About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.