RFICs

PRODUCTS

  • Natoli Feature
    It All Starts With An Idea…Unlocking Pharmaceutical Success

    Every capsule and tablet begins with an idea. It takes a professional and innovative manufacturing partner to turn that idea into a reality. Enter Natoli, a name synonymous with excellence in pharmaceutical equipment and services. From the early stages of formulation to the grand scale of full-blown production, Natoli offers a seamless journey through every step of the process. Whether you’re unsure of how to start or how to finish, Natoli can guide the way.

  • 2240
    5200-5900 MHz, 800 Watt High Power RF Amplifier Systems: SKU 2240

    The Empower RF Model 2240 is engineered for robust pulse and continuous-wave (CW) applications within the C-band frequency range and efficiency in a compact 3RU form factor.

  • Premium Tools For Diabetes Research
    Premium Tools For Diabetes Research

    Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production or impaired insulin utilization, commonly known as insulin resistance.

  • QM33120WDK2
    Ultra-Wideband Development Kit: QM33120WDK2

    The Qorvo QM33120WDK2 Ultra-Wideband Development Kit is an all-in-one solution for developers and engineers working on UWB (Ultra-Wideband) product development and demonstrations.

  • 3P Innovation - compression blister platform
    Compression Blister Filler

    Forming part of 3P innovation’s Discover Range, this early-stage development unit uses two sets of die punches to compress pellets and seal them within a blister strip. Used predominantly for dry powder inhalers (DPIs), the ultra-compact filler fits on your lab benchtop.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.