RFICs

PRODUCTS

  • GettyImages-645455610 liver
    Liver Disease CRO Services

    Biotechnology companies consider locations in the Asia-Pacific region, such as South Korea and China to access vast treatment-naïve patient populations and accelerate their clinical trials at lower costs.

  • Marki - ADM8556
    6 - 20 GHz Low Noise Amplifier: ADM-8556

    The ADM-8556 is a wideband low noise amplifier capable of providing 24 dB gain and a low 1.3 dB typical noise figure from 6 to 20 GHz.

  • Pharmaceutical-isolator
    Pharmaceutical Isolator From Franz Ziel

    Personal protection pharmaceutical isolators enables personal protection for operators when handling toxic substances.

  • OligoPilot Feature Image
    Oligonucleotide Synthesizer

    Synthesize oligonucleotides at scales of 10–100 mmol for early to mid-phase clinical trials or for diagnostic kits.

  • temporary-piping
    Temporary Piping

    With all of the fittings to install almost any type of project, we have exactly what you need when you need it. Discover a wide range of piping and the fittings to match for just about any project.

WHITE PAPERS AND CASE STUDIES

NEWS

ABOUT

 

About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.