RFICs

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  • GettyImages-1495954660 plan, maze, strategy, success
    Enabling The Outcome In EMEA

    With our global network of facilities and services, Cryoport Systems is a strategic partner of choice for temperature-controlled supply chain management of critical materials.

  • Analog Devices - Apollo
    Apollo MxFE: Scalable SDR Solution Offering Direct RF Sampling To 18 GHz (Ku Band)

    Apollo MxFE is a new wideband mixed-signal front end platform offering instantaneous bandwidths as high as 10 GHz per channel while directly sampling and synthesizing frequencies up to 18 GHz (Ku Band).

  • SIWA Leak Finder 450x300
    SIWA Leak Finder

    Smart leak detection with SIWA Leak Finder makes the most of your existing investment in sensors and hydraulic models to take you to the next level of non-revenue water reduction in your drinking water transmission and distribution network. The cloud-based application analyzes your real-time flow data using cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and hydraulic modeling to identify leaks and anomalies. With SIWA Leak Finder you can detect leaks more quickly and accurately so your maintenance teams spend more time in the right location on points of interest that really matter.

  • Teledyne FLIR - thermal camera
    Advanced Thermal Camera: A6301

    The FLIR A6301 Advanced Thermal Camera offer engineers and system integrators the best and most advanced thermal camera for Process Control, Monitoring and Quality Assurance.

  • PHCbi FrostLess -80℃ Ultra-Low Temperature Freezer: MDF-DU500ZHA-PA
    Mitigate Frost Buildup With This Ultra-Low Temperature Freezer

    PHCbi brand's 18.5 cu.ft (525L) FrostLess ultra-low temperature freezer provides reliable temperatures as low as -86°C. It is engineered to mitigate frost buildup more than our category-leading models while maintaining the reliability and energy efficiency that today's laboratories require. It operates on 115V and uses only 6.6kWh per day. ENERGY STAR® Certified.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.