RFICs

PRODUCTS

  • The MPD4-0422CSP2 is a compact MMIC 4-Way Wilkinson power divider/power splitter designed to deliver high isolation in a small CSP2 chip scale package.

  • The ATN03-0070CSP1 is a surface mount GaAs MMIC 3dB attenuator in a chip scale package (CSP). This attenuator is an ideal solution for attenuating a signal and can be used in a wide range of applications.

  • Leica EZ4 W Educational stereo microscopes for college and university

    Letting minds meet… anywhere.

    These stereo microscopes provide a wireless education solution to the science classroom. The integrated 5-megapixel cameras can live-stream HD images to students’ smartphones or tablets. Students can connect to the EZ4 W either through its own internal Wi-Fi signal or through the facilities network. The EZ4 E exclusively uses the facilities network (WLAN or LAN) to allow students to connect to the microscope. This is an ideal solution if you don`t want to add additional Wi-Fi access points to your existing wireless network concept.

  • The DR3900 is a benchtop visible spectrum (320 - 1100 nm), split beam spectrophotometer with over 220 pre-programmed methods optimized for laboratory water analysis. With your daily routine of water analysis in mind, the DR3900 spectrophotometer is optimized for safe processes and accurate results.

  • Praesto™ Jetted A50 is a high-performance agarose-based protein A resin that delivers exceptional performance in terms of capacity, pressure flow, and lifetime. Purolite is the only manufacturer of uniform particle size agarose resins.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.