RFICs

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  • ODiate® Fluorescence Filter Sets
    ODiate® Fluorescence Filter Sets

    ODiate Fluorescence Filter Sets are designed to meet the demanding requirements of fluorescence and microscopy applications.

  • GettyImages-517743620-lab-development-bioreactor
    cGMP Manufacturing - Mammalian System

    Review how a comprehensive cGMP manufacturing facility is poised to support the development and manufacture of your mammalian cell program.

  • Anritsu Aerosol Checkweigher
    Aerosol Checkweigher For Pharmaceutical Applications

    Anritsu's aerosol checkweigher is engineered for accurate weighing of aerosol cans in pharmaceutical applications. It features a star wheel mechanism that feeds cans onto the weigh table at a constant speed and with uniform spacing. This design, combined with a high precision electromagnetic weigh cell, ensures a throughput of up to 150 cans per minute, with a weighing accuracy of ± 10 mg. The checkweigher has a compact footprint, integrating within the same frame a reject mechanism and confirmation function, ensuring that only correctly weighed products pass through. Underweight and overweight cans are automatically directed into two separate bins located beneath the weigh table. The system is compliant with federal regulation 21 CFR Part 11 for the integrity of electronic records and signatures, with features such as password authentication, audit trail of operation data, and encryption/decryption of exported data.

  • MCO-170ACL_GalleryIMG_left_920x920
    PHCbi's CytoGrow CO2 Incubator: MCO-170ACL-PA

    PHCbi brand's 5.8 cu.ft (165L) CytoGrow CO2 incubator is designed with standard, passive contamination control via the patented InCu-saFe® copper infused stainless steel interior. This stackable unit offers a integrated shelf channel system which allows for easy cleaning, eliminating the need for shelf brackets and clips. 

  • Liquid Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer-GettyImages-1172199070
    Commercial/Clinical cGMP Quality Control Analysis

    On-site labs with our own personnel offer greater control of samples and timelines, minimizing risk for our customers.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.