RFICs

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  • GettyImages-635978124 research computer
    Signal Management Services

    ProPharma has deep expertise across all signal detection and management activities, including validation, prioritization, and assessment using data from a wide range of sources that are relevant for signal detection for the individual product(s). We are also fully trained and experienced in the EudraVigilance Data Analysis System (EVDAS) functionality and can support MAHs to comply with their obligations for signal detection and management. We leverage our robust knowledge to select the most efficient and effective method(s) for each product that is compliant with legislative requirements.

  • singota labeling
    Labeling And Kitting In The Pharmaceutical Industry

    Pharmaceutical labeling and kitting are critical for ensuring drug safety, compliance, and efficiency. Explore advanced technology and regulatory adherence to streamline these processes.

  • AMP20089
    Solid-State, High Power Amplifier: AMP20089

    AMP20089 is a high-power solid-state amplifier delivering 350 W output power with 56 dB minimum gain across the 1.0–2.5 GHz range. It features class A/AB linear design, instantaneous wide bandwidth, high-power advanced technology devices, built-in protection circuits, extensive monitoring, local LCD display, and remote interfaces. Ideal for EMI/RFI, lab, CW/Pulse, and communication applications requiring high power, in a rugged reliable compact 4U chassis.

  • Exodus - AMP1146A
    2.0 - 8.0 GHz, 70 Watt Min Solid State High Power Amplifier: AMP1146A

    The AMP1146A is a solid-state high-power amplifier featuring a Class AB linear GaN design, providing instantaneous ultra-wide bandwidth and high power coverage across the full S and C bands.

  • WS-0800100WG
    WR Straight Waveguide: WS-0000000WG Series

    The WR Straight Waveguides from Marki Microwave are built with high precision and are gold plated for high corrosion resistance. 

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.