The GaAs IC Market

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The GaAs IC Market

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The biggest enabler of the mobile data increase and the most important driver of the GaAs RF IC market is the handset segment. Much of the content of a handset is silicon-based, but power amplifiers (PAs) and switches in the front-end of the phone use GaAs devices. This report investigates the technology trends, applications, and market developments of GaAs ICs. U.S., Japanese, and European applications such as telecom, computers, defense, consumers, are reviewed. This report will provide the reader with an in-depth understanding of the technological and market factors determining the evolution of GaAs ICs.

Every cell phone contains Power Amplifiers (PA), which enables the handset to transmit voice and data back to the base station tower to route a call to another phone number or Internet address. PAs, the most critical radio frequency component in the phone are currently dominated by circuits made with Gallium Arsenide (GaAs).

3G handsets often contain up to five PAs, and GaAs makes up 100% of the market, which is close to $5 billion. In addition, the number of PAs per handset is growing because of: complex 3G systems, global roaming support, and data roaming support. Pricing for PA's has increased from $0.80 per handset to $2.90 currently and is projected to increase to greater than $3.50 once Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Advanced Wireless Services (AWS) spectrum emerge in advanced handsets in the marketplace.

While industrialized countries are using 3G networks, today's world is a mixture of 2/2.5G and 3G networks, the heavy majority of subscribers are actually on 2G-based networks — and predicted to remain so for a number of years. Of new handsets sold in 2010, about 50% will still be 2G. Between 70 to 80% of Skyworks' and RF Micro Device's GaAs business is in PAs.

2G handsets contain 1 PA, so it represents a sizable market. Because they aren't as technologically advanced as 3G cell phones, particularly smartphones, silicon is making inroads in the GaAs domain. For 2013, only 90% of PAs were made in GaAs, 5% in silicon CMOS, and 5% in silicon LDMOS.

The GaAs IC market is expected to reach $8 billion in 2017.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 Introduction 1-1

Chapter 2 Executive Summary 2-1
2.1 Summary of Major Issues 2-1
2.2 Summary of Market Forecast 2-3

Chapter 3 Technology Issues 3-1
3.1 GaAs Devices 3-1
3.1.1 FETs 3-1
3.1.2 HEMTs 3-3
3.1.3 HBT 3-6
3.2 Comparison of Logic Structures 3-10
3.2.1 Buffered FET Logic 3-12
3.2.2 FET Logic 3-12
3.2.3 Capacitively Enhanced Logic 3-15
3.2.4 Direct-Coupled FET Logic 3-15
3.2.5 Source-Coupled FET Logic 3-17
3.3 Material Issues 3-20
3.3.1 Wafer Production 3-20
3.3.2 Etch Pit Densities 3-25
3.4 Equipment 3-29
3.4.1 Implanters 3-42
3.4.2 Lithography 3-43
3.4.3 Etching 3-44
3.4.4 Deposition 3-46
3.4.5 Rapid Thermal Processing 3-46
3.5 Packaging 3-47
3.5.1 Package Types 3-48
3.5.2 Bonding 3-50
3.6 Testing 3-55
3.7 Design 3-56

Chapter 4 Applications for GaAs ICs 4-1
4.1 Introduction 4-1
4.1.1 The Trend Toward Higher Frequencies 4-3
4.1.2 Transition from Analog to Digital Modulation 4-3
4.1.3 Discrete Components and Silicon-Based ICs 4-4
4.2 Markets 4-7
4.2.1 Telecommunications Systems 4-7
4.2.2 Television Systems 4-13
4.2.3 Computing 4-14
4.2.4 Data Communications 4-15
4.2.5 Automotive 4-20
4.2.6 Automated Test Equipment 4-22
4.2.7 Military 4-23

Chapter 5 IC Supplier and End-User Issues 5-1
5.1 Introduction 5-1
5.2 Competing Against Silicon 5-3
5.3 Competing Against The Japanese 5-11
5.4 Taiwan's Market Momentum 5-11
5.5 Korea's Market Momentum 5-13
5.6 Wafer Sizes 5-19
5.7 Competing Against SiGe 5-22
5.7.1 Introduction 5-22
5.7.2 Technology 5-25
5.7.2.1 Strained Silicon 5-26
5.7.2.2 Device Manufacturing 5-36
5.7.3 Applications 5-38
5.7.3.1 Wireless LAN 5-38
5.7.3.2 WiMAX 5-38
5.7.3.3 Bluetooth 5-39
5.7.3.4 Cellular 5-39
5.7.3.5 GPS 5-52

Chapter 6 Market Forecast 6-1
6.1 Driving Forces 6-1
6.2 Market Forecast Assumptions 6-5
6.3 GaAs IC Market Forecast 6-7
6.4 SiGe IC Market Forecast 6-22
6.5 End Application Market 6-25

Chapter 7 Profile of GaAs IC Manufacturers 7-1

LIST OF TABLES
5.1 Cost Comparison for GaAs Structures 5-8
5.2 A Comparison of SiGe BiCMOS, RF CMOS, and InGaP/GaAs 5-37
6.1 Worldwide Merchant GaAs IC Market Forecast By Device Type 6-8
6.2 Worldwide Merchant Market Forecast By Geographical Region 6-11
6.3 Worldwide Merchant Market Forecast By Application 6-13
6.4 Market Shares of Merchant Participants - 2012 6-21

LIST OF FIGURES
3.1 Schematic of GaAs MESFET 3-2
3.2 Schematic of GaAs HEMT Device 3-4
3.3 Schematic of GaAs HBT Device 3-8
3.4 Schematic of GaAs HBT Device 3-9
3.5 Symbolic Representations of Various GaAs Transistor Type 3-11
3.6 Schematic of BFL Logic Gate 3-13
3.7 Schematic of FETL Logic Gate 3-14
3.8 Schematic of CEL Logic Gate 3-16
3.9 Schematic of DCFL Logic Gate 3-18
3.10 Schematic of SCFL Logic Gate 3-19
3.11 Full wafer EPD mapping of LEC and VGF wafers 3-27
3.12 Mesoscopic EL2 mapping of LEC and VGF wafers 3-28
3.13 pHEMT MMIC Process Flow Chart 3-31
3.14 0.15 Micron 3MI Process Cross Section 3-37
3.15 InGaP HBT Process 3-40
5.1 Comparison of Die Costs of Si and GaAs 5-6
5.2 Strained Silicon Germanium Technology 5-28
5.3 Fourth Generation Of Strain Technology 5-32
5.4 Performance Versus Germanium Content 5-33
5.5 Bulk Versus SOI Strain Method 5-34
6.1 Worldwide Merchant GaAs IC Market Forecast 6-9
6.2 Worldwide GaAs Merchant Market Forecast By

Geographical Region 6-12
6.3 Worldwide GaAs Merchant Market Forecast By Application 6-14
6.4 Global Handset Market 6-16
6.5 Migration Of PA's In Handset Market 6-18
6.6 CMOS Replacement Of Bipolar And GaAs 6-19
6.7 Worldwide SiGe Market Forecast 6-23

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The GaAs IC Market

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