White Paper

Millimeter Wave Beamforming And Phased Array Basics

Source: Qorvo
GettyImages-1320071768 5G broadband tower signal RF

The growing demand for data has created a scarcity of spectrum in lower frequency bands, driving the focus towards higher frequency bands known as mmWave. mmWave systems can easily support higher data rates and increased traffic, meeting the insatiable need for faster and more robust connectivity.

Building a mmWave system is challenging due to the high path loss associated with mmWave frequencies. While defense and aerospace markets have used phased array antenna technology for years to overcome this, these systems were complex, expensive, and required significant technical expertise.

To address these challenges, commercial applications have adopted symmetric implementations of phased array antennas with silicon quad beamforming architectures in a printed circuit medium. This approach offers high volume, low cost scalability, making it the preferred technology for enabling mmWave systems that meet performance and cost requirements.

This white paper explores the fundamental concepts of active antenna beamforming, which form the core of mmWave systems. It also discusses the various beamforming architectures used in active antennas for applications such as 5G networks, satellite communication flat panel arrays, and defense and aerospace systems.

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