How Can Designers Optimize Power Amplifiers For 5G Millimeter Wave Systems?

5G networks operate across low-band, mid-band, and high-band frequencies, each with unique characteristics. Low-band (sub-1 GHz) offers broad coverage with strong obstacle penetration, ideal for rural areas but limited in speed and bandwidth. Mid-band (1 GHz–6 GHz) balances coverage, speed, and capacity, supporting improved data rates but less penetration compared to low-band. High-band includes millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies, delivering ultra-fast speeds, low latency, and high capacity for dense environments but at the cost of limited range and reduced obstacle penetration.

Power amplifiers (PAs) are critical in 5G mmWave systems, amplifying signals for successful transmission. Key PA performance factors include linearity (to minimize distortion from complex modulation schemes), efficiency (ensuring power conversion with minimal heat loss), and size (meeting compact device constraints).

For PA optimization in high-frequency 5G mmWave designs, passive on-wafer load pull measurements assess amplifier performance under varying load conditions. The Maury Microwave Nano5G™ Series Automated Impedance Tuners provide reliable passive load pull measurements across 18 GHz–50 GHz, with a focus on 28 GHz and 39 GHz bands in FR2. These tuners integrate with FormFactor probe stations for seamless on-wafer testing, enabling superior tuning range and minimal phase skew.

For detailed insights, the application note “Overcoming the Challenges of Passive On-Wafer Load Pull Measurements at Millimeter Wave Frequencies for 5G Applications” highlights how the Nano5G™ Series optimizes testing and design for high-frequency 5G systems.