TEST & MEASUREMENT APPLICATION NOTES AND WHITE PAPERS

• EMC32 To R&S ELEKTRA Migration Using The ELEKTRA Migration Tool

  Discover how to use the R&S ELEKTRA Migration Tool for converting the backup data into the XML format that can be interpreted by the R&S ELEKTRA software.

• An Introduction To Direction Finding Methodologies

  All direction finding methodologies are meant to determine the physical or geographical location of a source of radio frequency energy. The choice of an appropriate direction finding methodology to use for a given application is largely a function of the target signal's characteristics, such as frequency and modulation, but is also influenced by the propagation environment as well as cost and complexity.  Recent advances in the development of hybrid direction finding methodologies attempt to overcome some of these restrictions and increase accuracy by using a combination of methodologies.

• Combining On-Wafer VNA And Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

  This app note describes how S-parameters and spectrum analysis can be monitored simultaneously from 70 kHz to 110 GHz using the VectorStar ME7838A, the Spectrum Master MS2760A, and the Anritsu MN25110A W1 coaxial precision directional coupler.

• How To Test USB Power Delivery Over Type-C

  USB Type-C compliance test standards are more complex due to higher data transmission speeds and more power. Successful testing requires accurate and compliant test instruments, software, and fixtures.

• RF Amplifier Output Voltage, Current, Power, And Impedance Relationship

  How much output voltage, current, and power can you expect from your amplifier? In rare cases, this can be answered by applying Ohm’s law, assuming that the net power or power delivered to the load is the rated power output of the amplifier. In most cases, practical issues such as VSWR and forward power concerns must be considered before applying Ohm’s law. This application note addresses this issue and discusses an approach to be used that applies actual test data when calculating output parameters.