TEST & MEASUREMENT APPLICATION NOTES AND WHITE PAPERS

• An Introduction To Direction Finding Methodologies

  All direction finding methodologies are meant to determine the physical or geographical location of a source of radio frequency energy. The choice of an appropriate direction finding methodology to use for a given application is largely a function of the target signal's characteristics, such as frequency and modulation, but is also influenced by the propagation environment as well as cost and complexity.  Recent advances in the development of hybrid direction finding methodologies attempt to overcome some of these restrictions and increase accuracy by using a combination of methodologies.

• Design Of A Complete RF Downconverter Module For Test Equipment

   The example module and its constituent parts were designed and simulated with AWR Design Environment software using circuit- and system-level analyses. The integration of the downconverter within a mechanical outline influences the layout of the individual radio blocks.

• Measurement Setup For Phase Noise Test At Frequencies Above 50 GHz

  Recent semiconductor technologies require more of the frequency range beyond 50 GHz, especially in wideband applications, such as 802.11ad, microwave links, or automotive RADAR. Low phase noise is essential for these applications to work properly, and accurate measurement of phase noise is needed to improve the performance. However, test setups at these frequencies become difficult, especially when cross correlation of two receive paths is needed to suppress additional phase noise.

• Waveform Acquisition Rate And Why It Matters

  Explore key specifications of modern digital oscilloscopes, including often overlooked ones like acquisition rate and blind time, to better understand their importance in oscilloscope applications.

• Introduction To RNVNA, A Multiport Network Analysis Solution

  In many RF applications it is necessary to make multiport measurements. The RNVNA, a multiport network analysis solution, links up to 16 1-Port analyzers together into a multiport network analysis system. Each of the 16 analyzers will make individual vector reflection measurements and scalar transmission measurements from port to port.