White Papers & Application Notes
-
Detecting Signals Hidden In Plain Sight
3/15/2013
In the past, signals have been hidden by various means, including placing them next to a large signal such as an AM broadcast carrier or using spread spectrum technology to create low probability of detection (LPOD) signals. More recently the development of various digital modulation formats has provided a new means for signals to be hidden in plain sight. The presence of digitally modulated signals is commonplace now, to the point that if a signal looks familiar, such as a CDMA “Bart’s head,” it can easily be ignored as a known signal.
-
1-port USB VNAs Provide Cost, Throughput Advantages in Variety of Environments
7/22/2015
This application note discusses the use of a 1-port VNA that’s simpler and less expensive, but can still satisfy most testing requirements in mobile communications and automotive applications.
-
Calculating VNA Measurement Accuracy
7/13/2010
Vector Network Analyzers (VNA) are your primary resource when analyzing and characterizing systems and components for RF and Microwave measurements. They are regarded as accurate measuring instruments, however, quantifying the accuracy performance of a VNA in a specific application can be challenging. VNA specifications are a starting point; but, they are based upon very specific calibration and measurement conditions, which are not applicable for many applications. The Anritsu Exact Uncertainty program is available to help you obtain the uncertainty data that is appropriate for your specific application.
-
Cable And Antenna Analysis Troubleshooting Guide – Utilizing Anritsu’s Handheld Site Master™ S331L
8/31/2012
Anritsu’s 9th generation Site Master provides high-performance cable and antenna analysis quickly and accurately. Reliable, durable, easy-to-use, and offering eight hours of continuous battery life, the S331L is ideal for tower contractors, installation and maintenance contractors, and wireless service providers to ensure optimum deployment, installation, and maintenance of wireless networks.
-
Application Note: VNA Dynamic Range And Linearity Accuracy
5/11/2009
As Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) dynamic range requirements become more demanding, it becomes more important to better understand how receiver non-linear characteristics affect VNA calibrations and measurement accuracy. By identifying the problems and improving the understanding of receiver behavior while pushing the limits of dynamic range performance, one can better understand how to properly configure the system for maximum dynamic range while minimizing measurement uncertainty. This article describes the practical aspects of configuring a VNA system for maximum dynamic range while limiting measurement uncertainty...
-
Application Note: Vector Network Analyzer Primer
9/14/2009
A vector network analyzer is a much more powerful analyzer than a scalar network analyzer. The major difference is that a VNA adds the ability to measure phase as well as amplitude. With phase measurements comes scattering, or S-parameters, which are a shorthand method for identifying forward and reverse transmission and reflection characteristics. This article provides a summary description of the operation and capabilities of a vector network analyzer (VNA), including general considerations of front panel operation and measurement methods. By Anritsu Company
-
Application Note: Using Handheld Spectrum Analyzers To Find Hidden Signals
10/5/2010
High performance handheld spectrum analyzers are ideal for detecting and locating hidden transmitters because you can easily carry the instrument when hunting for the transmitter and use it to find many types of hidden transmitters that may be difficult or impossible to even detect with lower performance tools. By Anritsu Company
-
Application Note: Understanding SDRs And Their RF Test Requirements
3/2/2007
Evaluating tactical software-defined radios (SDRs) poses no small challenges for test engineers. Even in just considering the analog hardware attributes of these radios, a test engineer is faced with enough bandwidth for multiple communications standards, the capability of transmitting and receiving signals at high data rates, and the capability for simultaneous operation of multiple radio channels
-
Application Note: Time Domain for Vector Network Analyzers
12/13/2004
Vector Network Analyzers (VNA's) are very flexible measuring instruments - the microwave engineers most powerful tool...
-
Application Note: Three and Four Port S-parameter Measurements
6/8/2003
Calibrations are the critical first step to multiport vector network analyzer (VNA) measurements and there are many choices...