Application Note: Hot S22 and Hot K-factor Measurements

The S-parameters of a power amplifier under excited conditions represent critical information having a bearing on efficiency, output power, stability, and often the economic viability of the design. The output reflection coefficient, in particular, is of considerable interest. One way of indirectly getting this information is through load-pull measurements in which output power is measured as a function of load impedance. While this load-pull measurement does access the practical impact of output reflection coefficient (among other things), it is expensive and time-consuming to perform.

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