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Electromagnetic simulation has dramatically improved the design of a wide range of wireless systems by making it possible for engineers to simulate their operation and predict their performance without the need for building and testing of prototypes. But while a design concept can generally be simulated in far less time than it can be built or tested, simulation by itself still frequently requires modeling of a large number of alternatives without any assurance of achieving an optimized design. Researchers at the Computational Electromagnetics Research Laboratory at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, have addressed this challenge by developing an efficient method for optimizing the design of wireless systems based on sensitivity analysis of the scattering parameters (S-parameters). The basic idea is that the number of simulations required to identify an optimized design can be reduced by determining the design sensitivity with respect to its shape and material parameters. This makes it possible to iterate to an optimized design in much less time than was required in the past.

Electromagnetic simulation takes only a small fraction of the time and expense involved in building and testing wireless systems. Simulation also provides more information than physical experiments by yielding results at every point in the solution domain, far exceeding the results that can be achieved with physical measurements. The simulation itself provides an analysis of the system such that the results of each simulation provide insight into only a single point in the design space. To obtain a more complete picture of the design space, a series of simulations must normally be carried out. Optimization streamlines the process of exploring the design space.

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•Case Study: Optimizing Wireless Systems With Electromagnetic Simulation